Endometriosis Symptoms, Risks & Treatment

For many people, severe period pain is dismissed as something to endure. But pain that disrupts school, work or daily life needs medical attention. Knowing endometriosis symptoms, treatments and risks can help people recognise warning signs and seek care. Endometriosis is a long-term condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows elsewhere, often around the ovaries and fallopian tubes, causing inflammation and scar tissue.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that endometriosis affects one in 10 women of reproductive age- around 190 million worldwide. This is a global estimate, not a Bangladesh-specific figure.

What symptoms should people watch for?

Symptoms vary and some have no symptoms. Symptoms of this include very painful periods, heavy bleeding, persistent lower-belly or back pain, pain during or after sexual intercourse, and pain while urinating or defecating. Bloating, nausea, extreme tiredness, anxiety and low mood can also be experienced. There are individuals who experience problems conceiving.

They may overlap with other diseases and symptoms do not definitively diagnose endometriosis. A recurrent or persistent pain that interferes with activities of daily living should be medically reviewed.

What are the risks?

Life, relationships, work and mental health can be impacted by endometriosis. Some people may have difficulty conceiving because there is inflammation and scar tissue in the pelvic organs. Heavy periods can lead to iron deficiency anemia and weakness. There is a greater risk of the condition if there is a family history of it, but the exact cause is not known. Fertility issues are not a part of all cases of endometriosis.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

The doctor will ask questions about symptoms and family history, examine the pelvic area, and recommend an ultrasound or MRI. Sometimes an operation called laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) is performed to inspect the inside of the abdomen and to aid diagnosis. There may be a delay in diagnosis as signs and symptoms can mimic those of other diseases.

At present, there is no cure, but treatment can help to decrease symptoms. These may include pain-killers, hormonal therapies and surgery to remove endometriosis or scar tissue. This will vary depending on symptoms, side effects and pregnancy intentions. Treatment doesn’t always cure symptoms, and follow-up care is important. WHO and the UK National Health Service (NHS) outline these treatment options.

WHO states: “There is currently no cure for endometriosis.” Awareness and long-term care are therefore important.

When should someone seek help?

Speak to a gynaecologist or qualified health professional if period pain is severe, bleeding is heavy, pain occurs during sex or toilet use, or symptoms affect everyday life. Record pain, bleeding and other symptoms to discuss at the appointment.

Do not dismiss disabling pain as something everyone must tolerate. Early assessment can help people understand their options and plan care.